Like Connections to the Philippine-American War, this assessment gauges students' knowledge of the past. Rather than measure whether students can simply recall decontextualized facts, this assessment requires students to make connections across time and construct an argument about how events are connected. Students with a strong sense of the past will be able to explain that the petitioners opposed the Indian Removal Act, which led to the Trail of Tears in 1838. Strong students will also be able to link the petitioners’ demands to the abolition movement.