In 1919, the U.S. Department of Justice, under the leadership of Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer, launched a series of mass arrests and deportations that targeted political radicals. But were the government’s actions legal? In this lesson, students will examine four historical documents to answer the question: Did the U.S. government violate people’s constitutional rights during the Palmer Raids?

Image: Front page of the New York Tribune on January 3, 1920. From the Library of Congress.